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Frequency Modulation (FM)

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5G-NR eMBB Workplan

Safety helmet codes as international standards

Suggested colour code for construction sites. Yellow : labourers White : engineers, supervisors, managers & visitors Red : electricians Blue : operators Green : HSE & safety officers my choice is Grey for HSE staff.

UMTS RF Optimization

Content: UMTS Radio Transmission Theory RF Optimization Policy RF Adjustment and Network Simulation UMTS Radio Transmission Theory Mobile Communication Environments Low antenna of UE Transmission paths are always influenced by terrains and man-made environments; various terrains and complex buildings, forests and so on make signals received as overlap of scattering signals and reflected signals. Mobility of UE UE is always moves, or the peripheral environments change. This makes a transmission path between a base station and an UE change all the time. In addition, the difference of direction and speed of an UE relative to the base station also causes changes of signal levels. Signal levels change at random Signal levels change with time and position; it can be described only with probability distribution of random process. Waveguide effect exists in urban environment Serious man-made noises Man-made noises include noises in starting motor vehicles, power line noises and industrial nois...

Telephone-exchange switchboard 1943

A typical telephone-exchange switchboard, ca. 1943. "War calls come first."

UMTS Signaling Flow

Content: UE State transition Signaling flow Classification of Flows In terms of protocol stack, signaling flows can be access layer signaling flows or non-access layer signaling flows. In terms of network composition, signaling flows can be categorized as circuit-switched or packet-switched. Access layer and non-access layer signaling flows are actually so named from the perspective of protocol stack. The flows at the access layer include PLMN selection, cell selection, and radio resource management flows. The radio resource management flows are the flows at the RRC layer, including the RRC connection setup flow, flow of the signaling setup between UEs and CNs, RAB setup flow, call release flow, handover flow, and SRNS redirection flow. UE Working Modes There are two basic working modes: Idle UE stands by without any service. There’s no connection between UE and UTRAN. Connected UE transferred to the connected mode after accomplishing RRC Connec...

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Frequency Modulation (FM)

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